vConsonants

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/v/

/w/

Same:

Labial-velar /w/ vs labiodental /v/. Hard for some Germanic/Asian learners.

wine ↔ vinewest ↔ vestworse ↔ versewary ↔ very

/v/

/b/

Same:

Bilabial /b/ vs labiodental /v/. Hard for Spanish/Greek learners.

bat ↔ vatbest ↔ vestbow ↔ vowlibel ↔ rival

/v/

/f/

Same: ·

Voiceless /f/ vs voiced /v/. Teeth on lower lip for both — only voicing differs.

fan ↔ vanfine ↔ vinefast ↔ vastsafe ↔ save